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Process New FileAbout File Encryption
File encryption is the process of scrambling the contents of a file so that it is unreadable to anyone without the correct decryption key or password. It's a fundamental aspect of data security, ensuring confidentiality and protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.
How it Works (Commonly AES):
- Key Derivation: A strong cryptographic key is derived from your password using a Key Derivation Function (KDF) like PBKDF2. This process adds computational complexity to make brute-force attacks on your password very difficult.
- Encryption Algorithm: The file data is then encrypted using a symmetric encryption algorithm, most commonly Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in a mode like GCM (Galois/Counter Mode). AES-GCM provides both confidentiality (data secrecy) and integrity (detection of tampering).
- Initialization Vector (IV) & Salt: A unique, random Initialization Vector (IV) is used for each encryption operation to ensure that identical plaintexts produce different ciphertexts. A random 'salt' is also used during key derivation to further enhance security by making rainbow table attacks impractical. Both IV and salt are typically stored with the encrypted data.
- Decryption: To decrypt, the same password is used with the stored salt to re-derive the key. This key, along with the stored IV, is then used by the AES-GCM algorithm to reverse the encryption process. If the password or data is incorrect/tampered, decryption will fail.
This lab uses modern browser-based cryptographic APIs (Web Crypto API) to perform these operations directly in your browser, ensuring your files never leave your device.